Periodical Cicadas (13- and 17-Year Cycles)

The Duality Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde And Shakespeare s...

To look at the duality of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Macbeth In this essay, I am going to analyse the concept of duality in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. The meaning of duality is the quality or condition of having two sides to something, such as good and evil, love and hate and black and white. The novella ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ Centre’s around ‘duality’. The author R.L.S (Robert Louis Stevenson) introduces us to the two sides of a person, Dr. Jekyll, an â€Å"established gentleman†, with â€Å"the respect of the wise and good† in society. Whilst Dr. Jekyll lives a virtuous life, he also has sins and desires that he keeps hidden. Within him, the good and the evil sides of his personality are fighting. The author uses the language of battle, writing that there is â€Å"war† inside of Dr. Jekyll and illustrates the struggle between the two sides as â€Å"two forces meeting on a battlefield†. Dr. Jekyll feels that he is leading a double life and believes that this duality can be found in all humans: â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two†. The character Mr. Utterson is an additional example of duality. He is described as ‘dusty and dreary’, whilst also being ‘lovable and friendly’; again, we are shown two different sides to one person. In the novella even property is talked about as being two sided. On one side of the street, the properties are described in a positive manner, â€Å"freshly- painted shutters† and â€Å"well polished brasses†,Show MoreRelatedComparing Human Nature in Macbeth and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde1596 Words   |  7 PagesDr Jekyll and Mr Hyde CA The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written in the Victorian Era by Robert Louis Stevenson, this novella dwells into the concept of the duality of human nature. The narrative is extremely fragmented structure due to the use of multiple narrators and through the use of mixed media, in the form of letters and accounts. The inconsistent structure conveys that of a gothic detective story; which were very popular in the Victorian era. Victorian London at the time was

Biblical Servant Leadership Free Essays

Jesus set a great model to us. Yet He is the master, the greatest?he has the power and the ability to stand on top of the crowd but He Is also the least and the lowest to be able to wash the feet to human beings. I think the most challenged but precious part is the second one especially if you are a leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical Servant Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now That’s why called â€Å"Servant† leader. Yet serving others can be tough; expending energies and time in the interest of others can be exhausting. I believe as a Christian we all experience that spent lots of time accompany with non-believers but then captioned later on or felt being used. Yet we felt hurt and trust me, I DO. However, every time when I look through what Jesus had suffered, the betrayal, I know there Is nothing to compare and I also be comforted from Him knowing He Is taking in charge; thereby, I become more mature slowly by slowly. I do believe the more you emulate from Him, the more you know how to be a real leader who stand firmly in this spiritual and secular world. Does one leadership model appeal to you more than the others? If yes, why? Yes. In y point of view, Richard Arden gives the most understandable and the easiest concept when we talk about how to be a servant leader. The whole point of being a servant leader is that you know God is the Lord. In other words, He is the first of the first. If there Is not God involves in then there will be just talking about the secular leadership. Therefore, God holds all the authority not a person (leader) who has this right from his own. Secondly, as a servant leader you must know you are the chosen partner from God to lead a group of people or a task to fulfill God’s own wills. Therefore, leadership Is a partnership between the leader and God the almighty. Thirdly, Jesus has given the best example of being the first is being the last. He is the first, the almighty and the only one without the sin but bore the mocks from sinners and crucified for the rest. Another example, He, the first, had washed the feet for the followers as a servant (the least) with a humble heart. The real leader is not the one who can only be on top but often the one who humble himself to do the lowliest thing In the group. Fourthly, leadership Is a fullness of concept and action. A servant leader must do and think It completely from Inside out. You cannot hide the arrogance in your heart and do all the good things to others and say you are the loyal servant of God. There is no hidden thought that can’t be seen from our Lord. Fifthly, leadership is the spiritual gift from God because not anyone can be given this empowerment. Therefore, the great power comes the great responsibility. At last, a true servant leader should be clear that all the followers who be authorized to lead How to cite Biblical Servant Leadership, Essays

Group Research Data Analysis

Question: Discuss about theGroup Research for Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction As the market is changing in the 21st century the focus is more on companies that are innovating continuously. The market of soft drinks is transforming in University as the students are inclining more in SCU. The sample was selected randomly from BAC21 batch of students for understanding it effectively. Data Analysis Section A: Basic As the table provides an insight up on the fact that the proportion of students varies in domestic and international category. The numbers of students who are domestic are 92 and international students are 8 in number. In SCU the students vary as per the region they are coming from which mostly denotes that they are arriving from local area. The relationship between price and quantity consumed in average is interlined for SCU students. It can be seen that as the price is increasing for softy drinks in market at the campus the students are consuming less of it. The students view the quantity when they consume the drink as the relationship tends to be positive. The figure represents the same. As the students study in University campus the trend is consuming more of soft drinks as compared to other drinks. It can be seen that soft drinks lead the race, thereby, fruit juice, tea or coffee, energy drinks and others. The students are more inclined to it as it is the easiest drink that is available in the market easily. The market of soft drinks in SCU is selling more and more of it. Brand loyalty generates from consuming the brand in physicality as per the taste and preference of consumers. Here, the consumers are students who are studying in SCU and their preference do change when discounts are provided. In case of 25% 18 voted for yes and 22 voted for no. For 40% discount yes is heard from 23 students and no from 21 students. The highest is seen in case of 60% where 38 are for no and 21 are for yes. Section B: Local VS International Students The number of international students present is 8 and domestic is 92 so the percentage is higher for domestic one. The demand is affected by the relationship as the preference of local is different from international students. The domestic students are consuming more of the product in relation to international students as they are more inclined to it. The serve per beverage is affecting negatively. They have both different taste and preferences as they belong to different regions and culture parity is not same. The most preferred drink for domestic students is soft drinks and the least consumed is fruit juice as it not got the taste. Alternatively, the international students have different inclination they are more towards fruit juice than soft drinks. They want to be healthy by avoiding aerated drinks in comparison to local students. The highest consumed is others as they want to change their taste and preferences. The local students are more inclined towards soft drinks by being loyal to the brand more than international students. The international market is more for tea or coffee by focusing on beverages then soft drinks. The concept is secondary on the part of the international students who are coming to study in SCU. The least preference in case of local student is on others and energy drink whereas, for international is on fruit juice. Section C: Highest Scenario The students selected from class BAC21 it is likely that it will local student by working on the sampling technique. The sampling technique used here would be probabilistic sampling by providing equal chance to all students. Here both local and international students will be selected from the class by representing themselves for the soft drinks market. This market is highest at SCU by engaging students by being more active and flexible. The participants would be provided equal chance of participation in the process by being involved in the process. The demand of Coke and Pepsi will be more in students as the brand has promoted itself by connecting with the people. The market is high for the soft drink in comparison to other drinks as it adds to the brand loyalty. The students are more engaged with the brand and taste which provides them sense of feeling being attached. Yes the claim made by Pepsi is true to its brand value as P=0.0012 that is coming less than 0.05. The claim made by Pepsi has link with the market share by rising to minimum of 25% in comparison to demand. The brand is right the link seems to be positive in the brand as the claim made by the company is right. Summary The data gathered from the above analysis emphasis up on the fact that the market share of soft drinks is having positive influence in market. The market is increasing in students for SCU as domestic and international students are having a positive approach to it. The sample of international population is 8 and domestic population is 92 in the campus. With the issue that the price is directly proportional with the quantity supplied to them. It has positive relationship and the most popular being Coke that is attracting the students more. The students are loyal to brand but when discounts are being offered they are changing their brand. The shift is less but it is evident for may be trying the brand or changing taste but, the originality remains. The preference of international and domestic is somewhat different but, soft drink consumption is on the rise. The preferred brand is either Pepsi or Coke in students with the market demand for Pepsi is rising with 25% of market share. References Furneaux, D, J Bynner, J Murphy,Data analysis. in , 3rd ed., [Milton Keynes], Open University Press, 2005. Govaert, G,Data analysis. in , London, ISTE, 2009. Sarantakos, S,Data Analysis. in , Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.], Sage, 2007.

The Business Link to Sustainable Development

Introduction This report describes our project, which is a business that is environment friendly. The focus on eco-business stems from the understanding that the transformation of our environment brings with it intricate relationships bearing both enterprise and livelihood opportunities.[1]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Link to Sustainable Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the project we came up with, as Spedding advices, is financially viability, environmentally sustainability, and socio-culturally acceptable.[2] Much of what is presented in this paper stems from my role in developing the project. My main contribution to the project consisted in researching on different aspects of the business and doing a market analysis. Business Idea Generation Process The idea for our Eco-business dawned on us after scanning the New York City (NYC) neighborhoods. NYC being an urban area , many of the inhabitants are preoccupied throughout the day in their various jobs. Therefore, it is very difficult for them to engage in gardening or any other activity of the same nature. While carrying out our survey, we realized that in NYC there are a number of individuals engaged in community gardening. However, upon further investigations, our respondents intimated to us that despite the numerous faming activities that take place in the area, people find it difficult to partake in those farming activities due to time constraints. Secondly, in order for them to engage in farming, they have to travel a long distance to community gardens. Moreover, growing vegetables at home tends to be impossible due to lack of implements that would facilitate the same. Finally, many residents that we spoke to do not know where they could buy implements for home gardens. Business Branding Having identified the aforementioned concerns, we recognized a prime business opportunity. Our business ide a revolves around assisting or helping NYC people to start growing vegetables in the comfort of their homes. We are keen on helping people start growing vegetables for their own consumption but also because of the related environmental benefits. In so doing, we came up with a brilliant idea that we now call INTO-MEET-SEE. We chose the brand name because we hope to encourage people to take plants into their homes. Our brand name suggests to individuals that, ‘bring a plant INTO your home then you could MEET green around you’.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, this phrase has in itself profound insight than the ones overtly seen. In fact, in our opinion, the brand name implies ‘let us make intimate connection with nature and the environment†. In other words, the business idea involves helping people to be friendly with the natural environm ent thus being ready to preserve it. Consequently, our idea will to promote a development platform that enables people to meet their needs without compromising the livelihood of future generations.[3] Main Project Activities Our project recognizes that despite many people sustainable development is very critical.[4] Since development tends to be perceived to entail the degradation of the environment. Our business entails various activities including online business, renting planter, selling planter-kit, selling holiday kit, as well as events and promotions. Our promotional activities involve the establishment of an open market, each season, so that people can come and exchange whatever they have grown. Secondly, we provide website services through which members can post pictures of their plants, and share gardening tips. Third, we provide a weekly-customized planter to customers as a way of enhancing the growing trend of Eco-green movement. Profit Story As a business entity, we will generate profit from the sale of complete plant kit. Furthermore, we have other products such as events-holiday kit, customized planter, and fertilizer. We predict that the selling of fertilizer will be our major profit source once the market is saturated with our planter kits. The fertilizer will be generated from organic material, which can be obtained free of charge from garbage collection centers. We plan to obtain leftovers from Wal-Mart, Costco, restaurants, spent-grain Microbrewery, and Coffee grain. Furthermore, in order to enhance profitability, we will use a hybrid truck in transporting the fertilizer. Moreover, we will carry out our transportation within a 100 miles radius, hence making our business more sustainable. In addition to the radii of transportation and the use of hybrid transportation, we also use recycled paper for broaches and catalog. This will help ensure that there is no wastage of materials. Project Sustainability The materials we use are biodegradable h ence harmless to the environment. Additionally we make planter from recyclable materials. Most importantly, the kind of fertilizer that we use is completely organic. Consequently, our project is sustainable because it uses less costly materials effectively and with no harmful effect on ecosystem. To determine the viability of our project, we did a SWOT analysis and came up with various factors, which we have to address. Regarding strengths, our business is 100% environment friendly hence a positive brand image. The project is also profitable due to the minimal costs incurred in obtaining materials as mentioned earlier in this essay. The greatest opportunity for our project emanates from the current eco-green trend that many people have taken to with gusto.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Link to Sustainable Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We believe that many people will find our produc t timely and very beneficial. However, the weakness of our project is that it tends to be hard to increase awareness especially because we are limited to the 100 miles radius. Through the internet we can advertise our products widely, but the logistics of delivering the products may prove challenging. The most critical threats that our project faces include high competition since the project is easy to imitate. Conclusion The trend of coming up with eco-friendly business ventures started long ago. However, what eco-friendly means has changed over time. For instance, in 1962, Rachel Carson helped change understanding for environmental degradation from merely â€Å"deforestation, mining destruction, factory pollution, and other visible changes.†[5] She illustrated that insidious degradation is evidenced in absence of birds to sing and move across the mountains, because of people’s behavior to devastate the natural environment.[6] This assertion was quite simple but very profound in the sense that it created the awareness that industrial chemicals were bound to destroy the peace and tranquility in the natural world. One critical element we endeavored to include in our project is recycling. Recycling is understood to be â€Å"aspirin, alleviating a rather large collective hangover†¦overconsumption.†[7] To us, the use of recycled materials was a measure of lowering the environmental effect of garbage materials. The recycling culture entails producing and then disposing less.[8] We strongly believe that our project is an instrument through which one can create awareness about eco-friendly approach to business. Through a project like ours, we believe biodiversity loss is reduced. Biodiversity is very critical because an ecosystem is only stable when biodiversity is enhanced[9]. Bibliography Livio, DeSimone D. Frank Popoff. Eco-Efficiency: The Business Link to Sustainable Development. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2000. McDonough, William and Mi chael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point Press, 2002.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Michael, Redclift R. â€Å"Sustainable Development (1997-2005) – An Oxymoron Comes of Age†. Sustainable Development 13 (2005): pp.212-227. http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucessjb/S3%20Reading/redclift%202005.pdf Raimund, Bleischwitz Peter Hennicke. Eco-Efficiency, Regulation and Sustainable Business: Towards A Governance Structure for Sustainable Development. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004. Spedding, Linda S. Environmental Management for Business. 2nd Ed. New York: J. Wiley, 1996. Footnotes Linda S. Spedding, Environmental Management for Business. 2nd Ed., (New York: J. Wiley, 1996), 33 Ibid, 41 Bleischwitz Raimund Peter Hennicke, Eco-Efficiency, Regulation, and Sustainable Business: Towards A Governance Structure for Sustainable Development (Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004), 113 Michael Redclift, â€Å"Sustainable Development (1997-2005) – An Oxymoron Comes of Age†, Sustainable Development 13 (2005),212 William McDonough and Mi chael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things, (New York: North Point Press, 2002), 47 Idem William and Braungart, 47 Idem DeSimone, Livio D. Frank Popoff, Eco-Efficiency: The Business Link to Sustainable Development  (Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2000), 35. This essay on The Business Link to Sustainable Development was written and submitted by user Adelina S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Globalization and the Issue of Poverty Making the World a Better Place

Globalization and the Issue of Poverty Making the World a Better Place Introduction Living in the XXI century is not easy. Since of the process of globalization, which has been going on for several decades running, is finally starting to have an effect on the world economics, politics and social life, it is necessary to adjust to the new rules and a practically new environment. Moreover, people of the XXI century have to face new challenges in the fields specified above.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Globalization and the Issue of Poverty: Making the World a Better Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest challenges is designing the methods of avoiding the increase in poverty rates.  There is no use denying that poverty has been an issue for quite long. As a matter of fact, poverty has been in existence since the humankind discovered the fact that goods have an intrinsic value (Edkins, Zehfuss, 2008). However, in the XXI century, when the globalization pr ocess has come into full swing, poverty rates may reach a tremendous scale, which means that the means to control the problem must be found. In addition, it is worth keeping in mind that with the new opportunities that globalization opens in front of the humankind, one can possibly discover the new ways to bring the poverty rates down. Globalization and Its Effects on Poverty Before going any further, it is necessary to offer a definition of the key concepts that are going to be discussed in the given essay. To start with, the phenomenon of poverty needs a thorough consideration. While the problem of being poor is rather understandable and sadly common in the modern world, the exact definition of poverty is not that easy to coin. Since the prosperity and poverty rates are defined by the minimum wage acceptable in the given state, it must be assumed that the poverty line is unique in each state. In addition, the factors enhancing poverty in specific state differ considerably. Finally , in different states, different layers of society are stricken by poverty. As a result, the phenomenon of poverty is quite hard to nail down in one concise definition. However, Heywood has managed to single out the common features of poverty in most states of the XXI century and, therefore, come up with an updated definition of the problem in question. According to the author of Global politics, poverty is the state of being deprived of life essentials (Heywood, 2011, 353). While the given definition might seem too broad, it actually offers the most accurate definition of what poverty is. It is necessary to mention that, though the financial context seems absent in the given definition, it is actually implied, meaning that poverty is the state of having so little money that they are not enough to buy the life essentials, i.e., food, water, shelter, medicine, etc. The objectivity and correctness of the given definition can be proven by the fact that it actually refers the audience t o the hierarchy of needs structured by Maslow.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, when considering Maslow’s hierarchy, one must note that the life essentials, i.e., food, clothing, and shelter, are considered the bulk of the system and, therefore, the crucial elements without which a human being cannot exist (Lusted, 2012). Another concept that requires definition is globalization. Despite the fact that it was launched by people and, therefore, should be less difficult to define compared to poverty, it actually touches on so many aspects of people’s lives that it is practically impossible to embrace its every facet in a single definition. At present, several definitions of the globalization as a phenomenon exist. According to Tuo Cai, globalization means â€Å"the historical process of the extension of deepening of mankind’s cross -border exchange and communication around the world† (Cai, 2012, 313). Therefore, some researchers tend to view globalization as not necessarily an economical, but mostly as a cultural phenomenon, i.e., the fusion of the world’s major cultures and the surge in opportunities for international communication. Another viable definition of the phenomenon was offered by Pramanick and Ganguly. As the researchers explain, globalization can be defined as the process of â€Å"expanding worldwide flow of goods, persons, symbols, ideas, ideologies, and capital, entailing a ‘time-space compression’† (Pramanick Ganguly, 2011, 47). Therefore, although globalization is considered the process of cultural exchange, its properties as a powerful enhancer of worldwide economy are stressed firsthand. As a result, globalization should be considered as an economic process first, and only then as the process of cultural exchange. The aforementioned definitions of globalizat ion and poverty can help define the potential changes that the globalization will have on the rates of the former in the nearest future. Positive outcomes transcending the boundaries It would be wrong to assume that globalization is going to have only the most deplorable effects on the poverty rates all over the world. When speaking of the ways in which globalization is going to shape the present-day society, one must admit that in some layers of society, poverty rates will doubtlessly be reduced.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Globalization and the Issue of Poverty: Making the World a Better Place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is necessary to stress that globalization is going to turn on the green light for countless numbers of migrant workers to earn more money. Since in the globalized economic space, it will be easier to get position in a foreign country, it can be assumed that migrant workers an d immigrants will be able to find jobs much easier and, therefore, finally manage to earn decent salaries. It would be rather naà ¯ve to expect that globalization and economic changes will magically boost income rates all over the world; however, it will definitely provide more opportunities for a positive change.  In addition, globalization presupposes that it will be easier to join political forces to solve specific issues. By deploying the politics of aid (Heywood, 2011, 369), one can expect that the poverty rates in certain countries are going to decrease. Since transcending economical and physical boundaries between the states all over the world will trigger massive changes, such as a flow of labor force in certain fields, etc., it is likely that financial and economical difficulties in certain fields will ensue together with economic growth in other spheres. As a result, the issue of poverty is likely to be put in the limelight of the XXI-century globalized world agenda. Th e given problem can and must be handled with by controlling the factors that contribute to poverty rates increase. Among the most obvious means of control, the establishment of strict rules in the sphere of private and public sector should be mentioned. However, the side effects of the globalization process, among which increase in poverty rates in specific layers of society must be named first, will doubtlessly follow the triumph of globalization and, therefore, needs to be addressed before the problem has got out of hand. Negative outcomes labor force and other issues However, globalization will also trigger an inevitable drop in employment rates among the natives. Despite the fact that migrant workers and immigrants need to be encouraged in their business beginnings in a completely new environment, one must agree that the types of labor force specified above are often less demanding than the native labor force. As a result, the native labor force, whose standards for wages, numb er of holidays and other benefits that they have been legally granted with by the state, become considerably less valuable employees than the migrant and immigrant labor force, whose demands are often less stringent. With that being said, migrant and immigrant labor force are often preferred to the native one due to the features specified above, which leads to a sharp increase of unemployment among the natives. While at present, the given phenomenon cannot be considered as recurrent, in the realm of a globalized world, it is likely to become massive, which will clearly lead to a steep rise of unemployment and, therefore, poverty rates among the native labor force.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unemployment is not the only reason for people to fear poverty as a logical consequence of the globalization process. No matter how weird it might sound, globalization is likely to lead to an even greater split between the nations of the world. Known as the North-South divide (Heywood, 2011, 360), the given phenomenon presupposes that the world should be split into two parts, i.e., the industrialized North and the South, which tends to be more agriculturally oriented. As a result, the relationships between the two can possibly be rather tense, with the North taking the position of the one beholding technological power, and the South becoming the supplier of the goods for the almighty North. The consequences of the given change are rather obvious; it is more than likely that the people inhabiting the Southern hemisphere are going to balance on the brink of poverty (Heywood, 2011, 360). While the given concerns might seem rather far-fetched nowadays, they can possibly become an issue later.  The next problem of globalization, which will probably trigger an increase in poverty rates stems from the above-mentioned supposed divide between the South and the North. With the North being in the leadership position, it will be impossible to maintain relationships based on equality between the two parts of the world. As a result, the problem of inequality will ensue. While the given issue is not linked to poverty directly, it provides the environment for poverty to brew in. Therefore, the rates of inequality will take an even greater scale than they have nowadays. As a result, it can be expected that women, the representatives of national minorities, and other â€Å"risk groups† will face the threat of poverty in the globalized environment. Coming on the heels of the â€Å"globalized economic space,† the split between the technologically developed North and the agrarian South is a truly threatening perspective. Much to the credit of the world’s lea ding states, the threats of poverty that globalization poses to the humankind have been analyzed well enough. Moreover, the means of fighting with the expected surge in poverty rates have been provided. Although the given methods do not block every threat that globalization process triggers, they are still worth a thorough consideration. One of the most graphic examples of such initiatives is the solution provided in Wade’s research. Excluding countries with high but not rising levels of trade to GDP from the category of more globalized eliminates many poor countries dependent on a few natural resource commodity exports, which have had poor economic performance. [†¦]. If they were included as globalized their poor economic performance would question the proposition that the more globalized countries do better. (Wade, 2004, 580) The idea of excluding certain states with a relatively low GDP might seem a good idea. However, it is worth mentioning that this idea contradicts the principles of globalization, which presuppose the inclusion of ever single state into the economic processes. Therefore, other avenues should be sought to find a way out. Conclusion There is no secret that in the age of globalization, the world is facing rapid and quite impressive changes. With the traditional models of business interaction being replaced by newly adopted ones, and the new media like social network reinventing people’s perception of life in its every aspect, starting from economical to the social one, globalization is both feared and expected. Since the scale of globalization is beyond huge, it can be assumed that the globalized world is going to look nothing like the reality of the beginning of the XXI century. Some of the effects of globalization have become obvious now; the rest of them are likely to be discovered in the nearest future. Therefore, it is the concern of the present-day world to make sure that the negative aftermaths of globalization, in cluding the possible rise in poverty rates, should be prevented as soon and as efficiently as possible. Even though one can hardly come up with an exact concept of what the future economic state of the world in general and certain states, which are considered under the threat at present, will be like, it is still possible to make sure that no drastic negative outcomes are going to follow at the end of globalization. With that being said, poverty must be recognized as a tangible threat for a number of states and their residents. However, to address this problem adequately, a number of measures will have to be taken. The top priority must be given to the establishment of the labor law that the relationships between an employer and an employee within the global economic space are going to be regulated with. In addition, the laws regarding the migration problem, as well as the use of migrant labor, must be provided. The education issue must also be regulated so that people from all over the world could have the opportunity to acquire the skills that will later on help them in their career. In a nutshell, the key question is not whether the poverty issue can be regulated within a globalized environment; the question is whether people are ready to study, work and evolve in the given environment, and whether people are capable of controlling the economical and financial processes that are going to take place on the global scale. At present, the answer seems to be rather yes than no; however, it goes without saying that even more stringent methods of controlling the globalization process should be provided, which presupposes that the political and economical cooperation between the states all over the world should be enhanced. Reference List Edkins, J. Zehfuss, M. (2008).Global politics: A new introduction. New York. NY:  Routledge, 2008. Heywood, A. (2011).Global politics. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan. Lusted, M. A. (2012). Poverty. North Mankato, MN: ABDO. Pr amanick, S. K. Ganguly, R. (2011). Globalization in India: New frontiers and emerging challenges. New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Private, Ltd. Cai, T. (2012). Chinese perspectives on globalization and autonomy. Dancers, CA: BRILL. Wade, R. H. (2004). Is globalization reducing poverty and inequality? World Development, 32(4), 567–589.

Sentencing rationales Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sentencing rationales - Term Paper Example An offender violates his obligation to society to obey societal norms, and this justifies the deprivation of the offenders civil rights. This deprivation is aimed at denying the offender the opportunity to obtain any further unfair advantage and disadvantage the law abiding members of the society. Punishment is also necessary because all members of a society receive benefits as long as they agree to live within the law. Offenders impose on other members of the society and cause them a disadvantage. This disadvantage is an extras benefit that is not available to the law-abiding members. Sentencing is, therefore, intended to offset this unfair advantage obtained and restore the society to its equilibrium (Hofer and Mark 19). Literature research When sentencing it is imperative that the punishment must be proportionate to the disadvantage caused in order to correctly regain equilibrium. Although punishment can be justifiable, the justifications of sentencing do not provide a clear guide line on the appropriate punishment for particular cases. The justifications do not set out the rights that an offender should forfeit for violating certain norms and what punishment will eliminate the unfair advantage caused by the offense. If punishment is to restore the equilibrium disturbed, then it is imperative that the punishment must be proportionate to the offense. Therefore, the guiding principle in determining the severity of the punishment must be in proportion to the seriousness of the crime. This then implies a hierarchy of sentences and offences and sets the principle that similar offenses must attract similar sentences. This view applies concepts of common-sense and equity which dictate that serious crimes must attract more severe sentences than less serious offenses (Henham 69). The retributivists approach to the concept of punishment argues that punishment is and must be justifiable for its purposes while the utilitarians, assert that punishment is and can be justif iable for some ulterior consequence or benefit, for example, social good. Retributivism approach can be either positive or negative. Positive retributivism believes that sentencing is a sufficient and necessary precondition while the negative retributivism regards punishment as a necessary precondition. Utilitarians, on the other hand, have several varieties. There are different theories on how crime should be prevented. Rehabilitation checks crime by treating the offender of the abnormal criminal tendency for the sake of both the offender and that of the society (Henham 770). Incapacitating the offender prevents the offender from committing the offense by making it impossible for the offender to act on his or her tendencies. This perspective requires the law to intervene immediately an individual poses a threat to the society to an extent requiring sanctions to prevent the offender from accruing unfair advantage. This approach supports intervention even before the commission of an offense, and punishes attempts that might not have succeeded. It is also noteworthy that the incapacitation will perceive no rational to punish fruitless attempts any less severely than successful ones. This position assumes that the degree at which offenders fail to consummate offenses implies that these offenders are less dangerous but these individuals have manifested criminal tendencies

Al Qaidas Major Domestic Attack on the United States Research Paper

Al Qaidas Major Domestic Attack on the United States - Research Paper Example This includes the recent attack on U.S. embassy in Yemen and evidence proves the involvement of the Al-Qaida group in the attack (Ghobar and Blair 2012). The Al-Qaida group has been reignited by the launch of film â€Å"The Muhammad† and has openly announced increase in terrorist attacks against the US (Hasni 2012) Many researchers and analyst, studying Al-Qaida’s strategies and threats, forecasted that the death of their former leader Osama Bin Ladin, would be the major setback for the group. Unfortunately, this prediction turns out to be false as the strength of the Al-Qaida group does not look to shrink, with their new leader and new strategies (Geltzer 2010). After the death of Al-Qaida’s former leader and administrator, members of the group started spreading in different European countries with fake nationality, to escape from the US invasion in Afghanistan and Iran (Hollywood, Synder, Mckat, Boon 2004). Al-Qaida’s movement in South Asian countries, have also been reported, giving signs of their flexibility to change, with regard to the situation. So even now, they should be considered as a serious threat as they do not look to settle down or get weaken (Geltzer 2010). Joshua Geltzer, in his book highlights key factors, which have nailed in the Al-Qaida troop. This includes killing of Osama Bin Ladin, the most prominent figure of this group and the mastermind behind most attacks made by the Al-Qaida (Geltzer 2010). In addition, US army has been successful in tracing down locations of Al-Qaida’s members worldwide and eradicating them from the face of the earth. Moreover, their funds of around $140 million and a large number of weapons have been captured (Geltzer 2010). And they have been forced to leave their homeland in Afghanistan, from where they used to meet and plan their terrorist activities. But despite all these factors, Al-Qaida still stands as a big threat to Western or Non-Islamic countries, especially the U.S.A (Khalsa 2004).   

Connection between Neoclassical Economics and The Economic Policies of Term Paper

Connection between Neoclassical Economics and The Economic Policies of the President Obama, Psychological Aspect - Term Paper Example This paper is focused on connection of Obama’s proposals and neoclassical economics. A conclusion about Obama’s irrational behavior is made. Consequently, this paper discusses the nature of irrational behavior in economics with regard to current and old behavioral theories in economics. There is also an attempt to continue this kind of research and conduct another study of a broader context. Obama’s Proposals lead to maintaining a neoclassical economic goal: ‘one can improve his/her well-being through increased income to acquire more possessions’ Economic Proposals of Obama concern all social spheres of human life and increase the income of the society in order to reach greater well-being. Public disregard to Obama’s policy and conservatives’ hostile attitude to his politics might be explained by the fact that irrational behavior is less known to the public. Obama’s political course directed on increase of taxes, limitations of small businesses to hire more people; high energetic expenditures through Cap and Trade. FDR and the New Deal were of the main focus for Obama. Further clarifications of Obama’s Proposals may be clarified in accordance with Stigler who claims that economic theories should be considered in accordance with three parameters: congruence with reality, generality, and tractability. Obama’s Proposals partially comply with these parameters. On the one hand, the supporters claim that figures provided by Obama’s government are unrealistic. On the other hand, it is evident that some positive results are reached. Consequently, in the basis of his proposals were realistic assumptions which resulted in realistic predictions. It is possible to consider Obama’s proposals in the paradigm of hedonics theory

Critical Evaluation Of Value Chain Analysis Marketing Essay

Critical Evaluation Of Value Chain Analysis Marketing Essay In todays world, due to the development of globalization and the improvement of science and technology, the international economic situation is fast-changing. Whats more, competition is severer than before. It is unadvisable for managers to make a long-term plan and then ask the whole company to implement it days and nights. Managers should analyze the internal environments and external environments continuously surrounding their own company and then make plans in accordance with the analysis. There are lots of approaches which can be used during the strategic analysis process, such as SWOT analysis, PESTIN analysis, Value Chain analysis and Porter Five Forces. Therefore, it is very essential for managers to understand the usages of them during the strategic analysis process. Moreover, the functions of these approaches are also deserved to be researched. The main purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate critically two approaches, value chain analysis and porter five forces, during the strategic analysis process in order to make managers acquaintance with the knowledge about these two approaches and then make better plans for their own companies. There are four parts in this dissertation begun with an introduction. In the second and third parts, this dissertation will provide critical evaluation of value chain analysis and porter five forces separately by some empirical examples to illustrate the disadvantages and advantages of value chain analysis and porter five forces. A conclusion will be made in the end. Critical Evaluation of Value Chain Analysis Used during the Strategic Analysis Process According to Robbins (2009), only depending on value chain analysis, an organization delivers its products or services to its customers fast and quickly. This part will introduce what the value chain analysis is and the general review about value chain analysis. Simultaneously, this part will also explain the disadvantages and advantages of Value Chain Analysis by empirical examples. 2.1 What is Value Chain Analysis? Value chain analysis was proposed in 1985 by Michelle Porter in his book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (Robinson, 2009) to describe the way of how customer value accumulates along a chain of activities leading to an end product or service (Institute of Management Accountants, 1996). Porter described that value chain analysis was the internal processes or activities performed by a company to design, produce, market, deliver and support its products (Robinson, 2009, pp564). Porter also claimed that the main purpose of value chain analysis is to create a value chain strategy to meet and surpass customers demands and desires (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). And according to Robinson (2009), a successful value chain management should meet the following factors, including collaboration and cooperation, technical investment, organization process, leadership, employees, organizational culture and attitudes. Porter describes two major categories of busine ss activities: primary activities and support activities (Institute of Management Accountants, 1996, pp1). In 1993, Shank and Govindarajan broadened the definition of value chain analysis and states that the value chain is the value-creating activities of any firm to provide products and services to final consumers hands. 2.2 The General review about Value Chain Analysis The importance of value chain analysis propels lots of scholars to spend more time and energies to do researches on value chain analysis. In 2006, Khan, Pochampalli, Ding and Ponce adopted lots of approaches to make strategic case analysis, including value chain analysis taking the analysis of Nucor Corporation as the example. They analyzed Nucor Corporations mission, products and services, leadership, culture, structure and governance and gained the concluded that Nucor Corporation had the unique leadership, strong corporate culture and decentralized structure, which led this company to be successful and have effective corporate governance (Khan, Pochampalli, Ding and Ponce, 2006). In 2003, Dekker wrote an article named Value Chain Analysis in Interfirm Relationships: A Field Study to analyze the influence of value chain analysis on management accounting. In this article, Dekker pointed out that interfirm relationships was the new challenges for management accounting and a value cha in analysis is a useful tool to meet this challenges. Moreover, Awa and other scholars also proposed a research called collaborative experience of value chain architecture: a systemic paradigm to building customer loyalty in 2011. There are still another researches on value chain analysis, due to the limited space, this dissertation will not list them one by one. 2.3 Explain the Disadvantages and Advantages of Value Chain Analysis by Empirical Examples According to Robinson (2009), value chain analysis has a lot of advantages and disadvantages. In this part, this dissertation will explain the disadvantages and advantages of Value Chain Analysis by empirical examples. 2.3.1 The advantages of Value Chain Analysis by Empirical Examples Before listing the advantages of value chain analysis, this dissertation first show a survey result about the benefits of value chain analysis made by Taninecz (2000) (p44). From this survey result, it is reasonable to gain the conclusion that a successful value chain analysis can improve the services level to the customers. If the company performs well on each point of the value chain and the employees cooperate well and try their best to optimize service process, the service level to the customers can be improved (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). Meanwhile, a successful value chain analysis can help company increase sales, save cost, increase market, reduce inventory and improve logistics management (Robinson, 2009). Therefore, value chain analysis emphasizes not only the production process but also the various activities that make up the chain (McCormick and Onjala, 2007). Tetra-Pak, a multinational food packaging and processing company of Swedish, is one of the excellent examples which reconfigured the value chain in the packaging industry (Institute of Management Accountants, 1996). Tetra-Pak designs and uses a filling machine to package step by step, which brings a great change to the packaging industry (Institute of Management Accountants, 1996). Under this circumstance, no space in filling and packing would be wasted. According to the survey made by institute of management accountants (1996), the famous furniture Sweden Company IKEA also reconfigures the value chain and IKEA Company divides its operation activities into several parts, including design, assembly and even home delivery and has specific requirements in each activity, which also brings a revolution to the furniture industry in Swedish and even worldwide. Nucor Corporation is one of the largest steel manufacturers in the United States and takes value chain analysis during the strategic analysis process (Ding, Khan, Pochampalli and Ponce, 2006). According to them (2006), the value chain of Nucor Corporation includes firm infrastructure, human resource, technology development, procurement, logistics and other activities and due to the usage of value chain analysis help Nucor Corporation establish strong organization culture and unique leadership, which provide an excellent foundation for this company. All in all, value chain analysis during the strategic analysis process can help managers to divide operation activities into several different activities and assign tasks to specific employees and then through the cooperation and collaboration between employees, company can be a success. 2.3.2 The Disadvantages of Value Chain Analysis by Empirical Examples In the section 2.3.2, this dissertation has introduced the advantages of value chain analysis. However, managers should overcome some obstacles when they adopt value chain analysis during the strategic analysis process. In other words, there are some deficiencies of value chain analysis. For example, if the employees are unwilling to change their status and to share information between each other, they can not collaborate and cooperate with each other. Under this circumstance, the value chain analysis can not be implemented fully and effectively (McCormick and Onjala, 2007). Secondly, excessive trust between employees also can lead value chain analysis to become a failure (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). The implementing of value chain analysis needs employees and managers have necessary abilities, such as the abilities of good coordination and team spirits and the abilities to train all the employees. However, it is difficult for managers and employees to make themselves acquaintanc e with these abilities. For example, American Standard Company, Deere Company and Furon Company have come across lots of big difficulties. Due to the development of information technology and knowledge economy, the global economic situation is fast-changing. The managers have to change the value chain of the operation activities according to the change of environment. Therefore, if the company wants to make a long-term plan, the value chain will lose its efficiency, otherwise the company will spend lots of costs to change the value chain and organize employees to implement the value chain (Cadle, Paul and Turner, 2010). Pentagon Company, a famous high technology company in the United States, has no chance to take value chain analysis during the strategic analysis process if this company can not ensure the security of its own website (Robinson, 2009). Therefore, there are still some disadvantages of value chain analysis. 3. Critical Evaluation of Porters Five Forces Used during the Strategic Analysis Process Same as the value chain analysis, Porters Five Forces also has advantages and disadvantages, which will be exposed in this part by some empirical examples. 3.1 What is Porters Five Forces? Porters Five Forces Analysis is a theory made by Michael Porter, who is a professor in Harvard University. He came up with five factors that may influence the profitability of a company, namely the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors, threat of entry by new competitors, pressure from substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, and bargaining power of suppliers (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). First, the rivalry can be weak or intensive. If it is weak, theres no need to worry about it. But if it is intensive, it should be pay much more attention to. When having the intensive rivalry among existing competitors, one is likely to be in a cut-throat position. Many factors will influence the intensity of rivalry, including the size of competitors, the costs of products, and the product differentiation (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). Second, the new companies are the other threats to ones benefits. They will become the obstacles to expend your market scale and cut off your market share (Robinson, 2009). Third, pressure from substitute products is another barrier for a company to get interests. Fourth, bargaining power of buyers is of the vital importance in the effect of the benefits (Scholes and Whittington, 2010). Since the profit margin has close relationship with the price. When the price is low, the profit margin may be high and vise versa. Last but not the least, bargaini ng power of suppliers is much similar to the factor of bargaining power of buyers. When the supply price is low, the costs of the product are low. Therefore, the profit margin will be high due to the low cost. 3.2 The General Review about Porters Five Forces As mentioned before, Porters Five Forces Analysis has its own characteristics. These are helpful when used as managerial strategies in big decision of the company. Most of the researches about the Porters Five Forces Analysis is based on the prior experiments, collective data and analysis. For example, the application of the Porter Five Forces Analysis in Internet (Nikolopoulos, 2005 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °and automobile industry (Cafferky, 2005) . All these researches can be viewed as the practical theories for future use. Undoubtedly, the aim of these studies is to find out the managerial problems and ways to solve these problems. This model is strive to improve the companys performance through the analysis, namely which part of its market it the most profitable one and which is the most cost-consuming one. After the Porters Five Forces Analysis, great efforts should be made to maximize the former market and minimize the latter market. It will help the company make the greatest profits as well. The well management of the five most important factors influencing the market share will reduce the difficulties standing in the progressing path. This framework of the Porters Five Forces can also define the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses. Ones structure coping with these five forces can determine competitiveness of the company. 3.3 Explain the Disadvantages and Advantages of Porters Five Forces by Empirical Examples The Porters Five Forces Analysis has its advantages and disadvantages. If used well, it will help make great profits for a company. As for the advantages, it is very simple and direct. It has a simple framework in dealing with managerial problems. However, it also has shortcomings. For examples, it is not as clear as the Value Chain Analysis. The five factors cannot be separated clearly when analyzing. On the other hand, it can be easily affected by other factors, such as the size of the company, different economic environment and national investments. 3.3.1 Advantages of Porters Five Forces There are many advantages of Porters Five Forces Analysis, but two are among the most important ones. The first one is simplicity. Compared to other models, it is very simple. Five factors are easy to define. In the Mobile Company, the Porters theory provides an easy access to the information about these areas. It is known to all, this area is much more complicated regarding the practical market. But the five factors narrow these complicated factors down to the relationship among the suppliers, the sellers, and the buyers. The cash flows among the three most important participators. The main rivalries in this field in China are China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom. The competition is still very fierce (Wu, 2012). As the emerging of the iphones and various kinds of smart phones, China Unicom Company begins to take on the stage by its excellent 3G service. The company can quickly identify its valuable market and worthless market by the Porters theory. Here the word valuable mea ns that it will make profits for the company and worthless means that it makes little contribution to the companys benefits. Although there isnt the fourth competitor, the potential threats still exist. However, from Porters theory, the problems can be simply defined and solutions can be easily made to solve the problems. The second one is directness. The diagram of the Porters Five Forces Analysis seems very direct to analyze. In automobile industry, substitute products are used in order to improve the performance and to increase profits. It goes straight to the point so that the weakness and threats. For example, the General Motors Corp decides to reduce the carbon emission of its cars. So it tries its best to cooperate with an Italy company who can produce the environmental-friendly combustion motor. With the new motors, the company successfully increases its competitiveness and decreases its costs. Innovation ranks the most important factor affecting ones profitability. Without innovation, one could not move forward. But if substitute products are used instead of innovation, it may be a solution at the moment. And in modern society, such action can express its good images of being responsible. It means the company is not a profit-striving business man. It cares about people, society and the whole world. 3.3.2 Disadvantages of Porters Five Forces The first one is that it is unclear. The five forces may be easy to define, but it has no clear boundary. Each involves many details. What is more important, they cannot be separated clearly. In other words, they overlap each other. For instance, in the steel industry, the supplier power changes with the buyer power, and the buyer power is also swifts with the supplier power. They are mutually influenced. It is difficult to say which one is the fatal factor. Also in the General Motors Corp, five factors should be analyzed together. None of them can be separated from others. For example, the threats of the new entry warn the General Motors Corp to change its traditional producing forms. New technology should be employed to enhance its images and competitiveness. Therefore, the company analyses all of the five factors to solve the problems and to expand its market share all over the world. Second, it is easy to be influenced by other uncontrollable factors. Also in the steel industry, it has gone through many stages, from immature to mature (Ponce, 2006). When at the immature stage of lifecycle, the suppliers and the buyers are instable, while in the mature stage, they are consolidate. Different states of the buyer power and the supplier power will lead to different problems. It is too hush to make decision only according the only five factors. An overview should be made to identify the whole situation. And a comprehensive thinking should be put into the analysis. Although there are shortcomings of the Porters Five Forces Analysis, it is still a valuable framework used to discriminate the strength, weakness, threats and opportunities of the company. And it is useful to solve various problems that one could meet. Conclusion In conclusion, managers should make plans for their own companies according the fast-changing economic situation worldwide and during the strategic analysis process, it is essential for them to adopt some useful approaches, such as value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, porter five forces analysis and the like. Therefore, this dissertation provides a critical evaluation of value chain analysis and porter five force during the strategic analysis process. Before representing the advantages and disadvantages of value chain analysis and porter five forces, this dissertation has provide the definition and general literature review about these two approaches. From the above analysis, it is reasonable to conclude that the value chain analysis and porter five forces have advantages as well as disadvantages, which can help managers to learn about the general knowledge about these two approaches. Meanwhile, during the strategic analysis process, the managers can make full use of their advantages to gain more efficiency. Due to the limited energy and time, limitations must exist in any kind of research. This dissertation mainly takes the secondary data, which mainly are from journals, books and website, so it is difficult to ensure that the data are reliable enough. Due to the limited space, this dissertation can not explain all the disadvantages and advantages of these approaches and the listed examples may not represent all the industries and be typical. And all of these are the key points which are needed to be improved in the future. In the end, this dissertation will give the audiences some suggestions for future research to do the researches about the merits and demerits of these approaches better in the future. For example, the researchers should do some practical surveys about these two approaches to learn about the usage situations in different industries. Secondly, the researches also can make good use of books, journals, websites and even magazines to gain more and better information to give more specific analysis about the disadvantages and advantages about these two approaches.

Cather in the Rye :: essays research papers

The Catcher and the Rye is a very controversial book even today. Many schools and libraries across the country have banned this book for various reasons. This paper will explore some of these reasons why this book is still causing debates among educators. To first understand why this book has caused so many debates we have to look at the time it was written in, the 1950’s. In the 1950’s the world was just recovering from the devastations of World War II, which ended five years ago. The United States emerged as a Super Power, the wealthiest nation and the American way of life envied throughout the Western world. This was a time when people were friendlier, more caring, and honest. People were not afraid to leave their homes without locking their doors. Neighbors were always there to help you for whatever reason and, families were close knit. They would have dinner each night, watch television, and do activities together. Children in this time were brought up to respect their elders, conform, and behave according to the their elder’s values. Most of them did so, although a growing spirit of rebellion and a new assertiveness of ideas and styles soon developed. The term â€Å"teenager† became widely used. Teena gers found their own taste in music and fashion. Girls were most likely found wearing clothes like people that they saw on television and the movies. Music had also changed. Teenagers were very fond of a new type of music known as Rock And Roll. Bill Haley and his band was just one group that caused a stir among the elders as to what was respectable, and banned Haley’s movie as well as his record from jukeboxes. This was the first measure that elders took to â€Å"save the children†, from destroying their values. However, the media with magazines, radio, television and the movies fueled the ideas of being a teenager. One popular song of this time was â€Å"All Shook Up† by Elvis Presley that seems to symbolize this time in history. (Stacy & Finkelstein) One author J.D. Salinger wrote his first novel during this time and added to the controversy by his writing style. Salinger chose to write his novel in the first person, told by a seventeen year old boy named Holden Claudfield. Throughout the novel, Holden uses foul language, discussed sexual matter, and rejects the traditional American ideas.

Fahrenheit Essay

But Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 staunchly contrasts these other writings; rather than presenting some omniscient tale admonishing its audience of the dangers of government hierarchy, Bradbury uses satire to criticize primarily emerging trends in society, providing an account that deems them equally as harrowing and dangerous as some authoritarian government, although he does include a limited number of strands involving an anti-government theme. This unique aspect of Fahrenheit 451 has earned the attention of critics and supporters alike. Unlike other novels produced during this time period, Bradbury protested a society growing increasingly centered around materialistic comforts and desires and less around the pursuit of intellect. Bradbury did not simply express his concerns about the degradation of intellect however; he encrypted his message in the layers of a complex tale. Written upon every page of the novel is a fragment of information that plays a larger role than superficially understood. Themes involving the value of imagination, the authority of peers, freedom of speech, and the struggle between individualism and conformity emerge once the novel is more than ostensibly examined. In a time period during which everyone felt that â€Å"Big Brother† existed only to suppress the freedoms of humanity, it became easy to forget that people possess that same power; it became easy to forget that when a society loses the ability to think independently, exploitation is inevitable. Rather than making thoughts and conclusions, you are simply told what to think. The â€Å"firemen† of Fahrenheit 451 metaphorically represent the closest thing to government control in the entire book. Bradbury uses firemen for this particular metaphor because as firemen, they are expected to protect and accommodate the needs of people in danger; they are literally the lifesavers of society. Yet in Fahrenheit 451, they set fire to what is good, knowledge and people alike. â€Å"On the front porch where she had come to weigh them quietly with her eyes, her quietness a condemnation, the woman stood motionless. Beatty flicked the switch to spark the kerosene. (Fahrenheit 451) The firemen burned her. This intense contrast between what is expected of firemen in the real world and how the firemen act in Bradbury’s fabricated world emphasizes the importance of their role in the book. The television installers still install televisions, and people still drive too fast, but the firemen no longer extinguish fires, they ignite them, and that is something notable. Equally as notable, the firemen do not set the fires because they are forced to do so; they set fires because they believe it is right. They are the enforcement of censorship. They are the hands of the government. They are the embodiment of evil. Yet the firemen are willing. As spectators to the atrocious society that Bradbury depicts, we cannot help but cringe as the old woman is burned to death, or as the city is finally destroyed. We cannot understand why the firemen are so eager to commit such heinous crimes until we understand what Bradbury’s futuristic society really depicts. It depicts a society composed of puppets that cannot think but only comprehend. The firemen believe it is right to destroy books because that is what Beatty, the fire chief, tells them. They do not ask why, they do not object, they monotonously carry out the task at hand. â€Å"Well, it’s a job just like any other. Good work with lots of variety. Monday, we burn Miller; Tuesday, Tolstoy; Wednesday, Walt Whitman; Friday, Faulkner; and Saturday and Sunday, Schopenhauer and Sartre. We burn them to ashes and then burn the ashes. That’s our official motto. † Guy Montag, the main character, only confirms the notion that the firemen believe it is their duty to burn books, when he provides the reader with a cheery description of his occupation. Also in this riveting effigy of his career, Bradbury has included irony by naming each street after revered authors, adding a sense of pathetic humor to Montag’s situation, while reinforcing a theme of intellectual degradation. Bradbury’s point in having the firemen burn books on their own accord and not on another’s behalf is to emphasize the conclusion that this is a book written about society and its people, not the government that runs it. This is especially important because this part of the book is often misinterpreted. Until the book is examined on a deeper level, Fahrenheit 451 appears to be a story about government censorship, and how the government can force people to stop reading by slowly outlawing certain books until no books are allowed at all. Bradbury explicitly stated in a LA Weekly News interview, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451 is not a story about government censorship.

Coca Cola’s Marketing Essays

Coca Cola’s Marketing Essays Coca Cola’s Marketing Essay Coca Cola’s Marketing Essay Coca Cola’s Marketing Name: Institution: Coca Cola’s Marketing Executive Summary Because of the competitive nature of the current business world, marketing is an essential function in all corporations. Marketing determines the success of a company within the market since it is the only way of communicating to the consumers. It enables companies to safeguard their market share as well as expand it. Coca Cola is considered among the top entities globally and sells in almost all countries. To maintain its current market share as well as expand it, Coca Cola has to engage in constant marketing. Coca Cola wishes to expand its market while maintaining quality in its products. This requires the company to engage in portfolio expansion to capture increased markets. Some of the key areas Coca Cola is entering are hot beverage market for cold seasons when chilled drinks are not ideal. This ensures its earnings are constant, if not higher, throughout the year. Coca Cola uses its brand name that means ‘delicious happiness’, and quality products to maintain its position as the leading beverage and soft drink producer. It is recognized by its distinctive red color. Marketing seeks to leave a lasting image or impression. Although it faces many competitors, its main competitor is Pepsi. Coca Cola undertakes massive promotion through different channels that include television, internet, billboards, radio, road shows, sponsoring sports events and re-branding. Among these, television takes up the biggest cost. Throughout the year, it engages in different kinds of promotions depending on the season. During winter, it promotes beverages while it promotes soft drinks more during the summer. Expansion to Myanmar would be ideal considering American countries have not been in this market (Rosenberg, 2012). The rationale for expanding to Myanmar market is to remain as the leading and most recognized brand worldwide. Coca Cola is known in almost all countries except where there are sanctions. In Myanmar, such a sanction existed until recently when the country became politically stable. Therefore, expanding to Myanmar would enhance Coca Cola as the leading brand. Venturing into this market would give the company an early lead to other foreign competitors. Myanmar is mostly hot and wet just like most of the Asian countries. This makes it ideal for soft drinks. However, this will require proper planning. One key difference in the customer profile of Myanmar is that customers are supply driven, meaning they are ready to buy new goods that were not available when it had been closed. On the other hand, its key similarity to other markets is that customers are interested in innovations more than they are interested in price. One media platform that I would recommend for this market is newspaper advertisements since there are three government papers supplied free. To start production in Myanmar, Coca Cola will have to put up a bottling plant since there are extremely few companies that can offer bottling services in this country. Moving Coca Cola to Myanmar Moving Coca Cola to Myanmar requires proper planning and the right strategy depending on the market (Rosenberg, 2012). The first step requires identifying the channel of distribution and production or bottling. In most of the countries, Coca Cola uses local production in order to minimize the cost of exporting (coca-colafemsa.com, 2013). Coca Cola can put up its own bottling plant in Myanmar in order to start production. This will ensure supply of the product within the country all the time. Additionally, the entity has to identify the best product for the country. This will depend on the weather. Considering that Myanmar is mostly warm and sometimes extremely hot, especially between March and May when temperatures reach 400C, soft drinks are ideal (lonelyplanet.com, 2013). This should be followed by defining the best channel of promotion and advertising. Considering that competitors exist, it would be wise to use a mix of promotion. This can include road shows, television advertisements, internet, newspapers and billboards. However, considering a majority of people cannot access internet; it would not be a useful tool of marketing. On the other hand, three newspapers in the country are supplied free. Therefore, this presents the most favorable promotion media in Myanmar. Additionally, road shows would be extremely helpful in creating more awareness within the remote areas, as well as television and radio advertisements (Thu 2012). Promotion should be followed by a strategy for distribution to the end consumers. The best way to distribute the product would be through road, which can reach the most remote areas (lonelyplanet.com, 2013). This would also be fast than some of the other means used in the country such as train and ferries. Coca Cola should pl ace its products in retail shops and open several depots in different areas where retailers can have easy access. References Coca-colafemsa.com. (2013). Company  » Strategy and Competitive Advantages. Retrieved from coca-colafemsa.com/femsa/web/conteudo_en.asp?idioma=1conta=44tipo=27617 Lonelyplanet.com. Getting around. Retrieved from lonelyplanet.com/myanmar-burma/transport/getting-around Rosenberg, M. (2012). Coca-Cola in Every Country but Three? No! Retrieve from http://geography.about.com/b/2012/06/15/coca-cola-in-every-country-but-three-no.htm Thu, K. (20120. Myanmar. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Media_Landscapes/Myanmar.pdf

a prayer for owen meany essays

a prayer for owen meany essays A Prayer for Owen Meany, written by John Irving in 1989, is a novel that delves into many sensitive areas of American culture. Among the most prevalent of these are religion, anti-war, and anti-Americanism. This novel raises many questions about America and its values and, in most cases, shows America as the enemy of its own people. The story takes place in a small New Hampshire town before and during the Vietnam War. Johnny Wheelwright, a Canadian immigrant, in retrospect, narrates the novel. Johnny befriends a boy named Owen Meany who among many other oddities is a tiny boy with a shrill voice. Owen is responsible, by means of a fluke foul ball, for the death of Johnnys mother. Owens parents, who are not very stable or supporting, give Owen the impression that he was a miraculous virgin birth and thus the tool of God. When the boys school decided to perform A Christmas Carol for the school play, Owen is cast (more appropriately, casts himself) as the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. While acting his part Owen faints on stage. Upon waking, Owen claims to have seen his name and date of his death on the prop tombstone. The two boys then go on to attend a private prep school together. It is here that Owen insists that Johnny help him with the shot. This is where Johnny lifts Owen up as he runs towards t he basketball hoop to complete a slam-dunk. As the two grow older they both attend college and Owen enrolls in the ROTC program. He does so because he believes that God had called him to fight in Vietnam and die saving a group of Vietnamese school children. Owen also believes that Johnny has no place fighting in Vietnam and decides to help keep him out of the senseless war. To do so, Owen devises a plan to cut of Johnnys trigger finger, thus making him ineligible for the draft. While at the airport in Arizona (where Owen was stationed) the two come upon some nuns caring for a group of ...

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Employment Law - Essay Example The terms and conditions also stated that he would get minimum of 20 sessions with the members of the company. Regarding health facilities, the company did not provide him with sick pay, and in case of absence due to ill health, he had to substitute himself with one of the company’s other trainers with prior permission from the company. The company did not entitle him to membership of the company’s pension scheme and was responsible for paying his own taxes and National Insurance. However, one fine day Tom was shocked to receive the termination letter from the company ending the contract with the Unfit Ltd. stating his continuous poor performance as the reason. According to the United Kingdom’s Employment Rights Act, 1996, all employees are supposed to have an employment contract with their employer, either in written or oral. It is further clarified that there is an express contract between employee and employer in case of no written contract is created, which m akes Tom and his employer liable to the employment rights act and mandates both the parties to follow the rules and regulation specified in the law (www.direct.gov.uk). There are few points for consideration on behalf of Tom on the basis of which he can make a claim for unfair dismissal from Unfit Ltd. Notice Period According to Employment Rights Act 1996, Sec. ... diate effect without prior notice is the only point which has can be put before tribunal for claim (www.legislation.gov.uk) As the reason specified by the Unfit Ltd, gym club is the ‘persistent poor job performance’, it is further clarified that even in the absence of written statements of terms and conditions of employment, an employee working for one month is liable to receive not less than one week of notice, unless dismissed for gross misconduct. The brief facts of the case does not mention the Tom’s period of employment and his date of ending the contract with Unfit Ltd. Tom has been employed for more than three years with the company, making him liable for receiving of termination notice from his employer for at least three weeks in advance, according to Sec 86 (1) (b) (www.legislation.gov.uk).. However, it has to be mentioned that termination in the contract is fair if the reason relates to the conduct of the employee under Sec. 98 (2) (b) which empowers th e employer to terminate the employee for its bad conduct or ‘poor job performance’. Even though the company has the right to terminate employee under section 98 (2) (b), it is necessary to give prior notice to the employee informing and explaining the reasons for his termination, three weeks in advance as mentioned in Sec. 86 (1) (b) (www.legislation.gov.uk). Since the employer, Unfit Ltd, gym club has not given any advance notice before immediate termination; Tom has the right to make a claim for unfair dismissal before Employment Tribunal under Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998 (www.legislation.co.uk). Further an employee is entitled to ask for a written statement from the employer stating the reasons of termination which is governed under Employment Rights Act 1996 under Sec. 92 (1)

Comparative Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative Poems - Essay Example He speaks as though he is under some kind of drug. He imagines that he hears nightingale singing in somewhere and not envious of the happiness, but he is happy listening to it â€Å"MY heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains, My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains.† (1-6). This part of the poem is saying how the person is feeling as if he is under some control which he cannot explain. On the other hand, Ode on a Grecian Urn â€Å"THOU still unravish’d bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express† (1-5). The poet has a different feeling than with the first poem. He is actually saying the opposite feeling of happiness. Instead of beginning with how he feels, the voice is telling us what he is seeing. He is describing things very carefully and the reader becomes curious as he is about the thing that he is telling. The poem is directed actually praising the art work in the urn. Ode to a Nightingale is full of images of nature that the author has included. This is understandable simply because the poem is all about a thing of nature. A nightingale is a bird which is known for its beautiful singing voice. Included throughout the poem are common sights seen in nature such as flowers, grass, trees and leaves. The speaker describes where he is, what he is seeing and also what he is hearing. He tells of how the birds seem to be so happy in what they are doing and that their happiness comes from something more than just any one particular thing. But then the subject becomes serious toward the end with the speaker now talking about death. He is now speaking about death as though he is a person. â€Å"I have been half in love with easeful Death, Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme† (52-53). He is talking as if he actually knows death and unlike many people he is not afraid of it but is actually in love with it. There is also a sense that he is sweet to it and includes it in many of his poems. In Ode on a Grecian Urn, Keats is describing the picture in the urn which he is seeing. Unlike Ode to a Nightingale, he is really seeing an actual picture. He is saying how the people or gods, as he himself is not sure, will be forever doing what they are doing. There is the idea that they will be forever and even when everything in the world changes they will still be there kissing, making music and being happy. The scene will always be Spring and that will never change. He is also describing in the picture many scenes like what looks like a sacrifice in an altar where there is a priest and there is a woman with garlands on her. In this ode there is also a reminder about how people take art for granted. There is really no appreciation for beauty and something old as a picture in an urn reminds us of this because after many years it remains beautiful. â€Å"When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in m idst of other woe† (46-47). There are many similarities between the two poems besides having the same author and both being odes. The two also talks about envy. In Ode to a Nightingale, the author is saying he is not actually jealous of the happiness of the nightingale but in Ode on a Grecian Urn he is somewhat saying he envies how those in the picture will be young forever. Both also talks about music. In the first ode this is a central theme because the nightingale is all about music and

5 Understand the application of theories and models of reflection and Essay

5 Understand the application of theories and models of reflection and evaluation to reviewing the students own practice. 1 Be able to investigate practice in your own area of specialism - Essay Example He argued the model of professional training which he termed â€Å"technical rationality† of charging students with knowledge in training schools so that they discharge them in the world of training. The cultivation of the capacity to reflect â€Å"in action† (while doing something) and â€Å"on action† (after you have done it) has become an important feature in professional training programmes. Its encouragement is seen as a particular important aspect of the role of the mentor of the beginning profession. It can be argued that â€Å"real† reflective needs a mentor to guide and ensure the reflection is in line rather than bogged down in self-justification or pity. He suggested that the four lenses offered tools and practices to support good teaching. The faculty to ask the teachers to engage at least one of the lenses from the students and document the progress they see in the students. Teachers’ wishing for excellence may engage more deeply using different lenses that fit the student. The four lenses are; c) Student Lens: engaging with student views of the learning environment can lead to more responsive teaching. Evaluations, assessments, groups focus, can each provide cues to improve teaching and learning d) Literature Lens: Teaching theories provides the vocabulary for teaching practice, and offers different ways to views and understand your teaching. Here you will find ways to utilize scholarly literature in your teaching and critical reflection David A. Kolb was highly influenced by earlier research conducted by John Dewey and Jean Piaget. Kolb’s reflective model shows the idea of experimental learning and is centered on the changing of information into knowledge. This takes place after a situation has occurred, and involves a practitioner reflecting on the experience, gaining a general understanding of the concepts encountered during the experience, and then testing these general understanding

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay They say that money is â€Å"the root of all evil. This novel exemplifies how the characters live for money and are controlled by it. Love and happiness cannot be bought, no matter how much money was spent. Tom and Daisy were married and even had a child, but they both still committed adultery. Daisy was with Gatsby and Tom was with Myrtle. They tried to find happiness with their lovers, but the risk of changing their lifestyles was not worth it. They were not happy with their spouses but could not find happiness with their lovers. Happiness cannot be found or bought. Daisy lost her love and respect for Gatsby when she found out he was a bootlegger. The important thing was not just having money, but where they money came from. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, money is a prominent theme. The author shows that money is earned and spent in very specific ways. Each character’s relationship with money allows the reader to see their personalities more clearly. In the beginning of Chapter Two, Nick and Tom Buchanon have just met Tom’s girlfriend Myrtle. The three of them are on their way to Tom and Myrtles apartment when an elderly man selling puppies on the side of the street catches Myrtle’s eye. The author explains, â€Å"I want to get one those dogs, she said earnestly. I want to get one for the apartment. They’re nice to have- a dog-I think its cute†¦Is it a boy or a girl? She asked delicately. † â€Å"It’s a bitch,† said Tom decisively. † Here’s your money. Go and buy ten more dogs with it† (pages 27-28). Tom’s actions and choice of words when he is buying the puppy for his girlfriend Myrtle show the reader that he does not have respect for women. The way Tom throws his money around illustrates that he believes he, because he has money, is better than the person selling the puppies. Fitzgerald uses the money theme again when he writes about the parties that his characters attend. He notes â€Å"I like your dress, â€Å" remarked Mrs. McKee, â€Å"I think it’s adorable. †Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Wilson rejected the compliment by raising her eye brow in disdain. † â€Å"It’s just a crazy old thing,† she said. † I just slip it on sometimes when I don’t care what I look like† (page 31). Myrtle rejects the compliment on her dress because she wants to portray herself as a woman who wears extravagant clothing. When in reality, the dress that she is wearing was a dress that Tom had bought for her. It is actually the most expensive dress that she owns. Prestige and money are so important that she lies to impress those around her. In the 1920s money was very abundant. This was known as the golden age. People were very materialistic during this time period. The wealthy families in the novel such as Gatsby or the Buchanons were always trying to impress rather than trying to be themselves. This was a period of drinking, partying, and spending which was best portrayed by the Buchanons. They seem to be very self-centered people who couldnt give up a bit of the ritzy life to take care of their own child. Nick Carrows, the narrator of the novel differentiates and alternates between the two different types of money in the novel. East Egg and West Egg. The West Egg is the less fashionable side of Long Island where Gatsby and Nick live. The East Egg is the fashionable side of Long Island where the Buchanons and other old money people live. Those living in West Egg have wealth, but they have earned it themselves, but the people in East Egg have had money in their families for generations. People from East Egg only associate themselves with other people from East Egg and are rather ashamed of people of a lower status. The author explains a situation with Tom on the train, â€Å"Mrs. Wilson sat discreetly in another car. Tom deferred that much to the sensibilities of those East Eggers who might be on the train† (page 26). Tom is dating a girl named Myrtle who is from the Valley of Ashes; The Valley of Ashes is a very poor area. She has no money to her name whatsoever, and that is why Tom will not sit in the same car with her on the train. He will not allow people to see that he associates with someone of her station in life. Nick sees firsthand how different people from West Egg act compared to those from the East Egg. The author writes, â€Å"Come along, â€Å"he said- â€Å"but to her only. † Gatsby looked at me questioningly. He wanted to go, and he didn’t see that Mr. Sloane had determined he shouldn’t†¦My Go, I believe that man’s coming,† said Tom. â€Å"Doesn’t he know she doesn’t want him? (page 103). Gatsby was invited to a party at the East Egg as a form of an apology for having to leave Gatsby’s house. Gatsby is from West Egg; he completely missed the apology and took it as an invitation. The authors point is that even though people from West Egg and East Egg both have money, they live completely different lifestyles and behave complet ely differently. The author uses money to reveal several different traits in the novel. All of the characters personality traits in the novel are based off of wealth. Without the money, these characters would be nothing. Gatsby is known for his money and attitude. The author writes, â€Å"I heard the familiar â€Å"jug-jug-sput† of a motorcycle, and a frantic policeman rode alongside. † All right, old sport, called Gatsby. Taking a white card from his wallet, he waved it before the man’s eyes. † â€Å"Right you are,† agreed the policeman, tipping his cap. â€Å"Know you next time, Mr. Gatsby. Excuse me! † (page 68). Because of Gatsby’s past he has been able to meet popular people in his lifetime and acquire special privileges over the years. The only reason Gatsby can act this way and get away with it is because of his wealth. Another important character who portrays that her personality is shaped by money and wealth is Daisy. She lives a rich lifestyle but is forced to live with a man she can’t stand. The author explains, â€Å"Everybody thinks so-the most advanced people†¦The instant her voice broke off ceasing to compile my attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said† (page17). Daisy is talking about how she knows so much because she has traveled the world and talked to interesting people through out her life. The author uses Daisy as a prime example to show that while money may provide opportunities in life, it is what you do with those opportunities that matter. If Daisy didn’t have money, she wouldn’t be considered smart or sophisticated; she would just be another boring person. New money and old money represents the way in which people are criticized, judged or understood. Old money has a tendency to seclude themselves from lower classes but do not discriminate. While new money tends to show off their wealth to the lower classes by throwing spectacular parties and get togethers. A new money party is portrayed as if it were the time of your and a night that no one will ever forget. The author says, â€Å"The groups change more swiftly, well with new arrivals†¦confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable†¦excited with triumph, glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light† (page 40-41). New money parties are exciting and extravagant but the only reason these parties exist is because people with new money become selfish and proud. They pride themselves on where their wealth has brought them. Newly acquired wealth causes people to change, to become someone they really aren’t, and to do things or be with people they normally would spend time with. An old money party is more like a get together. People must be invited and old old money is expected. The author explains, â€Å"People disappeared, reappeared, made plans to go somewhere and then lost each other, searched for each other found each other a few feet away† (page 37). The author describes the old money parties in a relaxing manor because parties are not new to people who have had money all their lives. It is not difficult to see the importance that money played not only in the novel, but apparently in the 1920’s. The author crafted each character around their social station in life, which was determined by where their money came from. It was apparent that despite the fact that Jay Gatsby worked and earned his money, that it didn’t change the fact that he was from the â€Å"wrong side of the tracks†. And while being from the â€Å"right† side of those same tracks, having money didn’t really give Daisy what she wanted or needed to be happy. In the end, Gatsby died a lonely death, remembered by few.

Role Of Fathers In Lives Of Children

Role Of Fathers In Lives Of Children Parents serve an important role in the socialization of children by modeling important values, principles, ideals, attitudes, actions and behaviors that influence the physical, emotional and social development of the child. Fathers and mothers have unique differences that cause them to have different parenting roles, that when combined, provide the most comprehensive model to help the child develop successfully. For this reason, children need both parents to help them develop the skills to help them build successful social relations, engage in responsible behavior, develop the confidence and skills to be successful in school and to become well-rounded emotionally, physically and psychologically. Over the last two decades, researchers have begun to pay more attention to the idea that fathers make important contributions to child development (Parke, 2004; Davis Perkins, 1996). Evan (1995) indicates, however, that while fathers have now become the subject of studies and review, this is a relatively new area of study. Given the potential role involved fathers have on the development of their children, it is important to understand how fathers perceive their fathering role and its impact on children. The goal of this paper is to examine the role of fathers in the lives of their children in the literature and to identify a gap in the literature in order to come up with a research question for a future study. Review of the Literature Schock and Gavazzi (2005) observe that despite the expansion of fatherhood literature over the last several decades, not much is understood about the role of fathers in their relationship with problematic adolescents. This has prompted researchers to examine fathers parental skills. For example, Nicholson, Howard and Borkowski (2008) investigated whether fathers were able to display metaparenting skills during the first two years of their childrens lives. Metaparenting refers to a mental plan that parents use when caring for their children across five domains: responding, preventing, monitoring, mentoring, and modeling. To determine how fathers think about and conceive of their parenting strategies, the researchers looked at the two main factors contributing to paternal identity: father absence and the availability of positive parenting role models. The participants included 87 fathers. Fathers were also evaluated for their metaparenting beliefs and behaviors, and assessed for parent ing stress, parenting style, knowledge of child development and child abuse potential. The study revealed that positive parenting role models and intelligence were associated with working models of parenting based on the five components of metaparenting. Furthermore, authoritative parenting and a decrease in abuse potential were related to higher levels of metaparenting. In a previous study, Schock and Gavazzi (2005) used a modified grounded theory approach (i.e., one based on the participants meaningful experiences) to examine the intra-psychic and interpersonal difficulties that fathers had with adolescent daughters who are involved in the court system. Fourteen fathers (mean age=46.6 yrs.) and their daughters (mean age=15.6 yrs) who participated in a family-based diversion program for their at-risk adolescent daughters took part in the study. The goal of the program was to help each family identify and support the developmental needs of their adolescents so that they can successfully move into adulthood. The fathers completed face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the questions addressing topics such as the fathers perception of their relationship with their adolescents, fathers unique skills to cope with the adolescents problematic behavior, and barriers/facilitators for participating in the program. The results indicate that fathers of fem ale adolescents had feelings of uncertainty about their role as parents in four areas: poor understanding of their daughters female issues (e.g., dating, menstruation, etc.), communication barriers related to conversation topics and style of communication, limited involvement due to the absence of shared interests, and indecision about how to address their daughters problematic behavior. Based on the findings by Schock and Gavazzi (2005), it is possible that fathers have communication problems with their teenage daughters because they did not form secure attachments with their daughters during the first two years of their lives. Later studies found similar connection between childrens attachment with their fathers and father involvement. McDonald and Almeida (2004) used an ecological perspective to examine the differential impact of work experiences on fathering experiences at home in 290 fathers (mean age=40). The participants first completed a 30 to 40 minute telephone interview about their daily experiences after which they were mailed a written survey, which asked them questions about how their time was spent in the past 24 hours (e.g., cutbacks at work, and their daily work/family stressors. The authors found that fathers tend to report a greater likelihood of providing emotional support to their children on those days when they experience overloads on the job as well as on days when they cut back their workload. The amount of time that fathers spent with their children was found to be moderated by how much control or latitude they have at work. The authors conclude, however, quantity of time alone may not impact the quality of the fathering experience. This conclusion is supported by Newland, Coyl and Freeman (2008), who investigated the relationships between preschoolers attachment security, fathers involvement and fathering context in 102 culturally diverse U.S. fathers of preschoolers age 2-5. The results indicate that fathers secure attachments with other adults and their use of social support were related to parenting and co-parenting behaviors. These in turn, predict child attachment security. The use of rough housing play was considered the most important predicator of child attachment security, more important than fathers sensitivity and consistency. According to the authors, the findings suggest that fathers play an important role in their childrens attachment security, and that shared father-child activities, parenting consistency and co-parenting behaviors should be emphasized among fathers. An important finding in the literature is that fathering strategies are related to paternal role identity. Maurer (2007) assessed caregiving identities, perceptions of partners expectations and the perceived caregiving behavior in 73 fathers (mean age 33.7 yrs). The researcher found that the perceived behaviors of other fathers were significant predictors of fathers behaviors toward their own children. Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) argue that it is important to determine how fathers identify themselves as parents by examining their perceptions of themselves as fathers. As a result, they investigated the perceptions of resident fathers (i.e., fathers who live with their children) regarding their roles in the lives of their children and how this affect their involvement with infants in five areas: caregiving activities, paternal warmth, nurturing activities, physical care, and providing their child with cognitively stimulating activities. Most of the resident fathers believe d that their role as fathers play an important part in their childrens development. The results further indicate that while most fathers were highly involved in providing physical care to their babies, they were not highly involved in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading with their children. The fathers sociodemographic characteristics (race, marital status, education, and socioeconomic status) impact their perceptions of fathering (e.g., Hispanics and other race fathers had significantly lower positive perceptions of their roles compared to other participants). Married fathers and fathers living above the poverty line had higher scores that unmarried fathers and fathers living below the poverty line. Fathers with infant sons had stronger belief in the importance of their roles and more paternal involvement than those with daughters. The latter finding is supported by Schock and Gavazzi (2005) who found that fathers of adolescent daughters face challenges when communic ating with their adolescent daughters, which is a factor in their indecision about how to deal with the problematic behavior of their daughters. A later study by Wilson, Dalberth and Koo (2010) support and expand the findings of Schock and Gavazzi (2005) and Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) in terms of fathers involvement in their lives. The perspectives of 131 fathers on their role in protecting their pre-teenage children from sexual risk was investigated. The results indicated that while fathers take a strong role in keeping their children safe and successful, some did not talk openly and frequently with their children about sex. Though almost all the fathers agreed that fathers perspectives on the issue of sex are important for children to hear, the gender of their child determined how comfortable they were discussing sexual matters. Fathers felt that they were better suited to discuss topics such as male puberty than female topics such as menstruation. Race also played a factor, with Hispanic fathers reporting that they were more protective of their daughters than their sons. According to Gonzalez-Lopez (2004), Hi spanic fathers believe that delaying sex and using protection are important for protecting their daughters from becoming pregnant and for increasing their opportunities to attend and graduate from college. Gaps in the Literature One area that is has not been fully explored in the literature is the relationship between paternal role identity and fathering outcomes. In other words, none of the studies identified looked at the relationship between how fathers perceive their roles (i.e. how they identify themselves as fathers) and how children actually percieve their relationship with their fathers (i.e., outcome of fathers involvement). Maurer (2007) suggests that fathers perception of societal fathering roles is a good predictor of fathers behaviors. Newland, Coyle and Freeman (2008) found that parenting and co-parenting behaviors in fathers were predictors of child attachment security. Schock and Gavazzi (2005) suggest that a lack of secure attachment between fathers and their daughters lead to communication barriers and indecision about how to address problematic behaviors in their teenage daughters. Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano and Guzman (2006) found that higher positive perception of fathering roles were associ ated with high father involvement in mentally stimulating activities with their children such as reading. These findings suggest that fathers who believe that they have an important place in their children development are more likely to achieve better fathering outcomes such as providing their children with caregiving activities, paternal warmth, nurturing activities and cognitively stimulating activities. Research Question The following research question can be used to address the gap in the literature regarding father role perception and fathering outcomes: What is the relationship between paternal role identity and fathering outcomes? The independent variables related to father involvement were cognitively stimulating activities, physical care, paternal warmth, nurturing activities, caregiving activities.